Apple Inc.

Apple Inc.

Apple Logo

Introduction

Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL; formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and sellsconsumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products are the Macintoshline of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Its software includes the Mac OS X operating system; the iTunes media browser; theiLife suite of multimedia and creativity software; the iWork suite of productivity software; Aperture, a professional photography package;Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products; Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; theSafari web browser; and iOS, a mobile operating system.

As of July 2011, Apple has 357 retail stores in ten countries,^[5] and an online store.^[6] It is the largest publicly traded company in the world by market capitalization,^[7][8] overtopping ExxonMobil by some $150 billion, as well as the largest technology company in the world by revenue and profit, more than Google and Microsoft combined.^[9][10] As of September 24, 2011, the company had 60,400 permanent full-time employees and 2,900 temporary full-time employees worldwide;^[4] its worldwide annual revenue in 2010 totalled $65 billion, growing to $108 billion in 2011.^[3]

Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012.^{[11][12][13][14][15]} However, the company has received widespread criticism for its contractors' labor, and for its environmental and business practices.^[16][17]

Established on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977,^[18] the company was named Apple Computer, Inc. for its first 30 years. The word "Computer" was removed from its name on January 9, 2007,^[19] as its traditional focus on personal computers shifted towards consumer electronics.^[20]

                                                       History

1976-1980 : The early years

Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne,^[1] to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Wozniak^[21][22] and first shown to the public at the Homebrew Computer Club.^[23] The Apple I was sold as a motherboard (with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips)—less than what is today considered a complete personal computer.^[24] The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666.66 ($2,723 in 2012 dollars, adjusted for inflation.)^{[25][26][27][28][29][30]}

 Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977^[18] without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800. Multi-millionaire Mike Markkula provided essential business expertise and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple.^[31][32]

The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast Computer Faire. It differed from its major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, because it came with character cell based color graphics and an open architecture. While early models used ordinary cassette tapes as storage devices, they were superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch floppy disk drive and interface, the Disk II.^[33]

The Apple II was chosen to be the desktop platform for the first "killer app" of the business world—the VisiCalc spreadsheet program.^[34] VisiCalc created a business market for the Apple II, and gave home users an additional reason to buy an Apple II—compatibility with the office.^[34]According to Brian Bagnall, Apple exaggerated its sales figures and was a distant third place to Commodore and Tandy until VisiCalc came along.^[35][36]

Apple's 1st product

By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The company introduced the ill-fated Apple III in May 1980 in an attempt to compete with IBM and Microsoft in the business and corporate computing market.^[37]

Jobs and several Apple employees including Jef Raskin visited Xerox PARC in December 1979 to see the Xerox Alto. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for the option to buy 100,000 shares (800,000 split-adjusted shares) of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share.^[38] Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface (GUI), and development of a GUI began for the Apple Lisa.^[39]

When Apple went public, it generated more capital than any IPO since Ford Motor Company in 1956 and instantly created more millionaires (about 300) than any company in history.^[40]

Coming Soon.............................

By : Science Shrestha